Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Discovery Bay = 67.2 miles…
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Orthodontics…
  • Science?
  • Or art?
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But first…
  • Where is Tom’s right central incisor?
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New tech questions…
  • Is it really better than what you use?
  • Or is it…
  • Technology for technologies sake? (Lots of this going on….)
  • (If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it….)


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Cone beam radiology….
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Cone beam radiology…
  • Five years in the US
  • Killer app!
  • Standard of care for implants in CA
  • Film to direct digital ?
  • Film to cone beam ?


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Thin, expensive sensor...
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New system costs…
  • Panoramic/film or $25/film 12.5 K
  • Digident/indirect             18 K
  • Denoptix/indirect         20 K
  • ScanX/indirect 22 K
  • Digora/indirect 28 K
  • Gendex   43 K
  • Trophy/direct 50 K
  • Instrumentarium/direct    59 K
  • Planmeca/direct 72 K
  • Sirona/direct       72 K


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Acquisition speed...
  • Kodak/direct (ceph) 1 sec
  • Instrumentarium/direct 20 sec
  • Sirona/direct  20 sec
  • Planmeca/direct        20 sec
  • ScanX/indirect 30 sec ++
  • Digident/indirect 90 sec +
  • Digora/indirect 90 sec +
  • Denoptix/indirect 4.5 min ++
  • Panoramic/film N/A
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Cone beam users…
  • Orthodontists
  • Implants
  • Maxillofacial surgeons
  • Prosthedontists
  • Medical
  • Others…
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Cone beams…
  • New Tom $229,000
  • iCat $200,000
  • Hitachi $300,000
  • Iluma $194,000
  • Morita       2-3 teeth
  • Sirona $169,000
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Cat scanning vs. cone beam…
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HITACHI
CB MercuRay
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Hitachi…
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HITACHI
CB MercuRay
  • Retail price:  $300,000 US
  • AAO meeting price: ??
  • Scan time: 10 seconds
  • US installs 21
  • Outside US 107
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i-CAT Cone Beam 3-D Imaging System (first version)
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IMAGING SCIENCES
I Cat
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Cone Beam 3-D Imaging System
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Cone Beam 3-D Imaging System
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Cone Beam 3-D Imaging System
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Cone Beam 3-D Imaging System
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IMTEC IMAGING
Iluma
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Iluma™ Cone Beam CT Machine

  • Retail Price: $210,000
  • AAO Special: $194,000
  • Scan:
  • ·         20 or 40 seconds
  • Data processing time:
  • ·         Depends on the reconstruction voxel selected
  • US installs 28
  • Outside US installs 4
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MORITA
3D ACCUITOMO FPD®
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NEW TOM
QR DVT 9000
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New Tom….
  • 9 inch FOV model retails for $189,900
  • 12 inch FOV model retails for $229,900
  • New vertical NewTom next month < $229,900
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SIRONA
Galileos
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The new Sirona…
  • 14 second scan
  • Radiation = one pano
  • .15 voxel size
  • First stand up machine
  • 169 K
  • Available February 2007
  • First install at UNC 4 months ago
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The new Sirona…
  • Small FOV = 5.25 cm (No ceph)
  • Software is unfriendly
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SIRONA
Galileos
  • Retail $169,995.00
  • Scan time 14 seconds
  • Reconstruction time 7 minutes
  • Field of view size 15 x 15 x 15 cm3


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3-D Implant
Visualization and Planning
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i-CAT for Implant
3-D Modeling
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Cone beam yesterday…
  • David Hatcher, DDI LAB
  • Patient travels from Redding to Sacramento
  • Technician images patient
  • Prescription is read
  • David determines cuts
  • Pathology is determined
  • Printouts/CD are sent


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Cone beam today…
  • You refer patient to a lab/university
  • Patient is imaged by technician
  • Cuts are determined?
  • Sent via CD or Internet
  • Pathology Hatcher type radiologist Hatcher/Mah board
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Cone beam tomorrow…
  • You refer patient to a lab or your machine
  • Patient is imaged by technician
  • You receive data via the Internet
  • You determine cuts
  • Pathology Hatcher type radiologist Hatcher/Mah board You do it!
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Tomorrow questions…
  • Who chooses cuts
  • Pathology/liability
  • Radiation
  • Resolution
  • Software
  • Vaporware
  • Who should we conebeam today?
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Who chooses cuts…
  • Today Lab Hatcher type Lab tech
  • Tomorrow Hatcher/Mah board New software ? You do it!
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Do we need the radiologist?
  • What do we do with film today?
  • A very simple example of a controversial issue…
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Film…
  • One image only
  • No enhancements
  • No new views
  • Diagnose orthodontic issues
  • Rule out pathology
  • Learned in dental school and ortho
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The film ceph as an example…
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2D digital…
  • One image only
  • Enhancements
  • No new views
  • Diagnose orthodontic issues
  • Rule out pathology
  • Learned in dental school and ortho
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The 2D digital ceph as an example…
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Cone beam 3D…
  • Many images
  • Many enhancements
  • Many views
  • Diagnose orthodontic issues
  • Rule out pathology ?
  • Not learned in dental school and ortho
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Many more enhancements…
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Unlimited views…
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The bottom line….
  • Ignore the additional information
  • Elevate your interpretation skills How?
  • Use a radiologist
  • AAO inquiry by the insurance companies Will they require a path report?
  • The Art Curley opinion
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The Art Curley opinion….
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Pathology/liability issue….
  • Hatcher/Mah board
  • Loma Linda/Joe Caruso Residents are “cone beam fluent”
  • USC/Peter Sinclair Determine cuts CD to David Hatcher for liability
  • David Hatcher course
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Radiation…
  • Constant versus pulse




  • Hitachi radiation/UNC study
  • Case story
  • Palomo TB paper 2 ma is good enough for ortho
  • Hatcher/Mah concept


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Hatcher/Mah concept….
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The relative big picture….
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Mah quote….
  • The dose from cosmic X-rays during a coast to coast flight is about 30 µSv.
  • The dose from a cone beam exposure is about 40-135 µSv.


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Resolution…
  • How good does it need to be? Best voxel size = 0.2 mm
  • Probably needs to be 0.1 mm?
  • Higher dose = better resolution
  • Low dose for bone
  • High dose for soft tissue
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The technology leap…
  • The start for…
  • Virtual target setup
  • eModels
  • OrthoCad
  • Invisalign
  • Orametrix
  • Insignia
  • Lingualcare
  • Retainer fabrication


  • History!
  • Study models
  • Impressions
  • Individual Xrays Pano Ceph Occlusal Periapical Tomogram




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Software…
  • Proprietary with the machine Basic and elementary
  • Third party
    • Dolphin 3D
    • Anatomage/InVivo
    • 3DMd/Vultus
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What would you want?
  • Orthocad features
    • Measure the teeth
    • Bolton analysis
    • Move the teeth
    • Extract
    • Target setup
    • Fabricate appliances!



  • One click ceph
  • One click pano
  • On screen models
  • Segmented teeth
  • VTO capability
  • On screen articulator
  • Superimpose dicoms
  • Auto cuts
  • Pathology cuts
  • Affordable






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The Lingualcare test….
  • PVS impressions and dicom file
  • Create virtual models
  • Compare their accuracy


    • Neil Warshawsky/Iluma
    • David Hime/iCat
    • David Birdwell/new iCat
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New InVivo….
  • Segment the teeth with roots
  • Dicom t1 and t2 superimposition
  • 3D facial photo with your digital camera
    • No 3DmD 55 K hardware
    • No Dolphin Di3D 35 K hardware
  • On screen virtual articulator
  • Orhocad features soon



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What would you want?
  • Orthocad features
  • Measure the teeth
  • Bolton analysis
  • Move the teeth
  • Extract
  • Target setup
  • Fabricate appliances!




  • One click ceph
  • One click pano
  • On screen models
  • Segmented teeth
  • On screen articulator
  • Superimpose dicoms
  • Auto cuts
  • Pathology cuts





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Evaluation…
  • Crowding
  • A-P problems
  • Facial pattern/incisor position
  • Transverse problems
  • Whatever is important to me (art form)
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Tx mechanics…
  • Headgear
  • Non compliant Class II mechanics
  • Mini pins
  • RPE
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Vaporware…
  • NewTom1 to NewTom3 = two years
  • iCAt sensor Software versus new sensor
  • One year
  • Convert a 2D system to cone beam? Planmeca – Yes, for teeth Sirona – No, full rebate


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Current university cone beam use on orthodontic start patients….
  • Loma Linda, 5 years, 100 % Ivan Dus, 8 years, 100 %
  • USC, 4 years selected, now 100 %
  • UOP, 1 year 100 %
  • Case Western, 1 year, 100 %
  • UCSF, 1 year 100 %
  • UCLA, 1 year 100%
  • UNC, selected, surgery condyles
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Who should we conebeam?
  • Selected starts…
  • Who to select?


  • All starts…
  • Radiation problem
  • Looking for a needle in a haystack
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A plan…
  • Decide on research projects that will improve diagnosis and treatment plans…
  • Ivan Dus
  • Loma Linda
  • USC
  • UCSF
  • UNC
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Hypothesis…
  • Cone beaming all starts will reveal a 20% incidence of future TMD problems in all patients…
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Hypothesis…
  • Cone beam images of the facial bone of the lower incisors will demonstrate their ability to be advanced…
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Cone beam targets…
  • New Tom $350,000 Schools and labs
  • Hitachi $300,000 Schools and labs
  • iCat $180,000 Your office
  • Iluma $215,000 Your office
  • Morita 2-3 teeth ??
  • Sirona $169,000 Your office
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Questions…
  • Will the 2D’ers go cone beam?
  • When?
  • How much?
  • When will we be conebeaming starts?
  • When will cone beam data replace our current tools?
  • Standard of care
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Issues to be resolved….
  • Who chooses cuts
  • Pathology/liability
  • Radiation
  • Resolution
  • Software
  • Vaporware
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More questions…
  • Should I stay on film and wait?
  • My film machine died and I have to switch, so…
  • I believe Planmeca will convert
  • I believe Sirona will rebate
  • I’m going to start my own lab
  • I’m going to buy one for my office


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What to do??
  • I know…..do you?